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AWS Glue Data Catalog is a metadata repository that stores information about your data, including its location, schema, and other properties. It's like a central directory that helps you easily discover, access, and manage your data assets spread across various data sources within your AWS environment. This makes it simpler to build data pipelines and ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes using services like AWS Glue, allowing you to easily work with your data regardless of its format or location.