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Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service that makes it easy to decouple microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications. It allows components of an application to communicate asynchronously, meaning they don't have to wait for each other. This improves reliability and scalability because if one component fails, messages can be processed later. Essentially, it acts like a post office box for messages, allowing different parts of your application to send and receive messages without direct interaction.